Succinic acid or amber acid is a dicarboxylic acid and is an essential component of the Krebs or citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway regulating respiratory chain in mitochondria.

Succinic acid expresses various biologic activities: 1) it serves as a natural antibiotic due to its modest acidic or caustic nature; 2) it reduces fatigue and improves brain performance; 3) it decreases gastric secretion relaxes gastric/duodenal smooth muscles; 4) it eases perimenopausal hot flashes; 5) it reduces the effects of hangovers by activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism; 6) it reduces hyperactivation of immune system associated with acute and chronic infectious processes; 7) it reduces joint pain; 8) it accelerates iron absorption; 9) it normalizes adrenal function; 10) it improves glucose control and protects liver function.

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