Succinic acid or amber acid is a dicarboxylic acid and is an essential component of the Krebs or citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway regulating respiratory chain in mitochondria.

Succinic acid expresses various biologic activities:

1. it serves as a natural antibiotic due to its modest acidic or caustic nature
2. it reduces fatigue and improves brain performance
3. it decreases gastric secretion relaxes gastric/duodenal smooth muscles
4. it eases perimenopausal hot flashes
5. it reduces the effects of hangovers by activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism
6. it reduces hyperactivation of immune system associated with acute and chronic infectious processes
7. it reduces joint pain
8. it accelerates iron absorption
9. it normalizes adrenal function
10. it improves glucose control and protects liver function.

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